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<?php
/**
* Matomo - free/libre analytics platform
*
* @link https://matomo.org
* @license http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPL v3 or later
*
*/
namespace Piwik\Tracker;
use Piwik\Archive\ArchiveInvalidator;
use Piwik\Common;
use Piwik\Config;
use Piwik\Container\StaticContainer;
use Piwik\Date;
use Piwik\Exception\UnexpectedWebsiteFoundException;
use Matomo\Network\IPUtils;
use Piwik\Plugin\Dimension\VisitDimension;
use Piwik\Plugins\Actions\Tracker\ActionsRequestProcessor;
use Piwik\Plugins\UserCountry\Columns\Base;
use Piwik\Tracker;
use Piwik\Tracker\Visit\VisitProperties;
/**
* Class used to handle a Visit.
* A visit is either NEW or KNOWN.
* - If a visit is NEW then we process the visitor information (settings, referrers, etc.) and save
* a new line in the log_visit table.
* - If a visit is KNOWN then we update the visit row in the log_visit table, updating the number of pages
* views, time spent, etc.
*
* Whether a visit is NEW or KNOWN we also save the action in the DB.
* One request to the matomo.php script is associated to one action.
*
*/
class Visit implements \Piwik\Tracker\VisitInterface
{
const UNKNOWN_CODE = 'xx';
/**
* @var GoalManager
*/
protected $goalManager;
/**
* @var Request
*/
protected $request;
/**
* @var Settings
*/
protected $userSettings;
public static $dimensions;
/**
* @var RequestProcessor[]
*/
protected $requestProcessors;
/**
* @var VisitProperties
*/
protected $visitProperties;
/**
* @var VisitProperties
*/
protected $previousVisitProperties;
/**
* @var ArchiveInvalidator
*/
private $invalidator;
protected $fieldsThatRequireAuth = array('city', 'region', 'country', 'lat', 'long');
public function __construct()
{
$requestProcessors = StaticContainer::get('Piwik\\Plugin\\RequestProcessors');
$this->requestProcessors = $requestProcessors->getRequestProcessors();
$this->visitProperties = null;
$this->userSettings = StaticContainer::get('Piwik\\Tracker\\Settings');
$this->invalidator = StaticContainer::get('Piwik\\Archive\\ArchiveInvalidator');
}
/**
* @param Request $request
*/
public function setRequest(\Piwik\Tracker\Request $request)
{
$this->request = $request;
}
private function checkSiteExists(\Piwik\Tracker\Request $request)
{
try {
$request->getIdSite();
} catch (UnexpectedWebsiteFoundException $e) {
// we allow 0... the request will fail anyway as the site won't exist... allowing 0 will help us
// reporting this tracking problem as it is a common issue. Otherwise we would not be able to report
// this problem in tracking failures
StaticContainer::get(\Piwik\Tracker\Failures::class)->logFailure(\Piwik\Tracker\Failures::FAILURE_ID_INVALID_SITE, $request);
throw $e;
}
}
private function validateRequest(\Piwik\Tracker\Request $request)
{
// Check for params that aren't allowed to be included unless the request is authenticated
foreach ($this->fieldsThatRequireAuth as $field) {
Base::getValueFromUrlParamsIfAllowed($field, $request);
}
// Special logic for timestamp as some overrides are OK without auth and others aren't
$request->getCurrentTimestamp();
}
/**
* Main algorithm to handle the visit.
*
* Once we have the visitor information, we have to determine if the visit is a new or a known visit.
*
* 1) When the last action was done more than 30min ago,
* or if the visitor is new, then this is a new visit.
*
* 2) If the last action is less than 30min ago, then the same visit is going on.
* Because the visit goes on, we can get the time spent during the last action.
*
* NB:
* - In the case of a new visit, then the time spent
* during the last action of the previous visit is unknown.
*
* - In the case of a new visit but with a known visitor,
* we can set the 'returning visitor' flag.
*
* In all the cases we set a cookie to the visitor with the new information.
*/
public function handle()
{
$this->checkSiteExists($this->request);
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
Common::printDebug("Executing " . get_class($processor) . "::manipulateRequest()...");
$processor->manipulateRequest($this->request);
}
$this->validateRequest($this->request);
$this->visitProperties = new VisitProperties();
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
Common::printDebug("Executing " . get_class($processor) . "::processRequestParams()...");
$abort = $processor->processRequestParams($this->visitProperties, $this->request);
if ($abort) {
Common::printDebug("-> aborting due to processRequestParams method");
return;
}
}
$isNewVisit = $this->request->getMetadata('CoreHome', 'isNewVisit');
if (!$isNewVisit) {
$isNewVisit = $this->triggerPredicateHookOnDimensions($this->getAllVisitDimensions(), 'shouldForceNewVisit');
$this->request->setMetadata('CoreHome', 'isNewVisit', $isNewVisit);
}
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
Common::printDebug("Executing " . get_class($processor) . "::afterRequestProcessed()...");
$abort = $processor->afterRequestProcessed($this->visitProperties, $this->request);
if ($abort) {
Common::printDebug("-> aborting due to afterRequestProcessed method");
return;
}
}
$isNewVisit = $this->request->getMetadata('CoreHome', 'isNewVisit');
$this->previousVisitProperties = new VisitProperties($this->request->getMetadata('CoreHome', 'lastKnownVisit') ?: []);
// Known visit when:
// ( - the visitor has the Piwik cookie with the idcookie ID used by Piwik to match the visitor
// OR
// - the visitor doesn't have the Piwik cookie but could be match using heuristics @see recognizeTheVisitor()
// )
// AND
// - the last page view for this visitor was less than 30 minutes ago @see isLastActionInTheSameVisit()
if (!$isNewVisit) {
try {
$this->handleExistingVisit($this->request->getMetadata('Goals', 'visitIsConverted'));
} catch (\Piwik\Tracker\VisitorNotFoundInDb $e) {
$this->request->setMetadata('CoreHome', 'visitorNotFoundInDb', true);
// TODO: perhaps we should just abort here?
}
}
// New visit when:
// - the visitor has the Piwik cookie but the last action was performed more than 30 min ago @see isLastActionInTheSameVisit()
// - the visitor doesn't have the Piwik cookie, and couldn't be matched in @see recognizeTheVisitor()
// - the visitor does have the Piwik cookie but the idcookie and idvisit found in the cookie didn't match to any existing visit in the DB
if ($isNewVisit) {
$this->handleNewVisit($this->request->getMetadata('Goals', 'visitIsConverted'));
}
// update the cookie with the new visit information
$this->request->setThirdPartyCookie($this->request->getVisitorIdForThirdPartyCookie());
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
if (!$isNewVisit && $processor instanceof ActionsRequestProcessor) {
// already processed earlier when handling exisitng visit see {@link self::handleExistingVisit()}
continue;
}
Common::printDebug("Executing " . get_class($processor) . "::recordLogs()...");
$processor->recordLogs($this->visitProperties, $this->request);
}
$this->markArchivedReportsAsInvalidIfArchiveAlreadyFinished();
}
/**
* In the case of a known visit, we have to do the following actions:
*
* 1) Insert the new action
* 2) Update the visit information
*
* @param Visitor $visitor
* @param Action $action
* @param $visitIsConverted
* @throws VisitorNotFoundInDb
*/
protected function handleExistingVisit($visitIsConverted)
{
Common::printDebug("Visit is known (IP = " . IPUtils::binaryToStringIP($this->getVisitorIp()) . ")");
// TODO it should be its own dimension
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('time_spent_ref_action', $this->getTimeSpentReferrerAction());
$valuesToUpdate = $this->getExistingVisitFieldsToUpdate($visitIsConverted);
// update visitorInfo
foreach ($valuesToUpdate as $name => $value) {
$this->visitProperties->setProperty($name, $value);
}
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
// for improving performance we create a log_link_visit_action entry before updating the visit.
// this way we save one extra update on log_visit in custom dimensions.
// Refs https://github.com/matomo-org/matomo/issues/17173
if ($processor instanceof ActionsRequestProcessor) {
Common::printDebug("Executing " . get_class($processor) . "::recordLogs()...");
$processor->recordLogs($this->visitProperties, $this->request);
}
}
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
$processor->onExistingVisit($valuesToUpdate, $this->visitProperties, $this->request);
}
// we we remove values that haven't actually changed and are still the same when comparing to the initially
// selected visit row. In best case this avoids the update completely. Eg when there is a bulk tracking request
// of many content impressions. Then it will update the visit in the first request of the bulk request, and
// all other visits that have same visit_last_action_time etc will be ignored and won't issue an update SQL
// statement at all avoiding potential lock wait time when too many requests try to update the same visit at
// same time
$visitorRecognizer = StaticContainer::get(\Piwik\Tracker\VisitorRecognizer::class);
$valuesToUpdate = $visitorRecognizer->removeUnchangedValues($valuesToUpdate, $this->previousVisitProperties);
$this->updateExistingVisit($valuesToUpdate);
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('visit_last_action_time', $this->request->getCurrentTimestamp());
}
/**
* @return int Time in seconds
*/
protected function getTimeSpentReferrerAction()
{
$timeSpent = $this->request->getCurrentTimestamp() - $this->visitProperties->getProperty('visit_last_action_time');
if ($timeSpent < 0) {
$timeSpent = 0;
}
$visitStandardLength = $this->getVisitStandardLength();
if ($timeSpent > $visitStandardLength) {
$timeSpent = $visitStandardLength;
}
return $timeSpent;
}
/**
* In the case of a new visit, we have to do the following actions:
*
* 1) Insert the new action
*
* 2) Insert the visit information
*
* @param Visitor $visitor
* @param Action $action
* @param bool $visitIsConverted
*/
protected function handleNewVisit($visitIsConverted)
{
Common::printDebug("New Visit (IP = " . IPUtils::binaryToStringIP($this->getVisitorIp()) . ")");
$this->setNewVisitorInformation();
$dimensions = $this->getAllVisitDimensions();
$this->triggerHookOnDimensions($dimensions, 'onNewVisit');
if ($visitIsConverted) {
$this->triggerHookOnDimensions($dimensions, 'onConvertedVisit');
}
foreach ($this->requestProcessors as $processor) {
$processor->onNewVisit($this->visitProperties, $this->request);
}
$this->printVisitorInformation();
$idVisit = $this->insertNewVisit($this->visitProperties->getProperties());
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('idvisit', $idVisit);
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('visit_first_action_time', $this->request->getCurrentTimestamp());
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('visit_last_action_time', $this->request->getCurrentTimestamp());
}
private function getModel()
{
return new \Piwik\Tracker\Model();
}
/**
* Returns visitor cookie
*
* @return string binary
*/
protected function getVisitorIdcookie()
{
$isKnown = $this->request->getMetadata('CoreHome', 'isVisitorKnown');
if ($isKnown) {
return $this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor');
}
// If the visitor had a first party ID cookie, then we use this value
$idVisitor = $this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor');
if (!empty($idVisitor) && Tracker::LENGTH_BINARY_ID == strlen($this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor'))) {
return $this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor');
}
return Common::hex2bin($this->generateUniqueVisitorId());
}
/**
* @return string returns random 16 chars hex string
*/
public static function generateUniqueVisitorId()
{
return substr(Common::generateUniqId(), 0, Tracker::LENGTH_HEX_ID_STRING);
}
/**
* Returns the visitor's IP address
*
* @return string
*/
protected function getVisitorIp()
{
return $this->visitProperties->getProperty('location_ip');
}
/**
* Gets the UserSettings object
*
* @return Settings
*/
protected function getSettingsObject()
{
return $this->userSettings;
}
// is the host any of the registered URLs for this website?
public static function isHostKnownAliasHost($urlHost, $idSite)
{
$websiteData = \Piwik\Tracker\Cache::getCacheWebsiteAttributes($idSite);
if (isset($websiteData['hosts'])) {
$canonicalHosts = array();
foreach ($websiteData['hosts'] as $host) {
$canonicalHosts[] = self::toCanonicalHost($host);
}
$canonicalHost = self::toCanonicalHost($urlHost);
if (in_array($canonicalHost, $canonicalHosts)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private static function toCanonicalHost($host)
{
$hostLower = mb_strtolower($host);
return str_replace('www.', '', $hostLower);
}
/**
* @param $valuesToUpdate
* @throws VisitorNotFoundInDb
*/
protected function updateExistingVisit($valuesToUpdate)
{
if (empty($valuesToUpdate)) {
Common::printDebug('There are no values to be updated for this visit');
return;
}
$idSite = $this->request->getIdSite();
$idVisit = $this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisit');
$wasInserted = $this->getModel()->updateVisit($idSite, $idVisit, $valuesToUpdate);
// Debug output
if (isset($valuesToUpdate['idvisitor'])) {
$valuesToUpdate['idvisitor'] = bin2hex($valuesToUpdate['idvisitor']);
}
if ($wasInserted) {
Common::printDebug('Updated existing visit: ' . var_export($valuesToUpdate, true));
} elseif (!$this->getModel()->hasVisit($idSite, $idVisit)) {
// mostly for WordPress. see https://github.com/matomo-org/matomo/pull/15587
// as WP doesn't set `MYSQLI_CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS` and therefore when the update succeeded but no value changed
// it would still return 0 vs OnPremise would return 1 or 2.
throw new \Piwik\Tracker\VisitorNotFoundInDb("The visitor with idvisitor=" . bin2hex($this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor')) . " and idvisit=" . @$this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisit') . " wasn't found in the DB, we fallback to a new visitor");
}
}
private function printVisitorInformation()
{
$debugVisitInfo = $this->visitProperties->getProperties();
$debugVisitInfo['idvisitor'] = isset($debugVisitInfo['idvisitor']) ? bin2hex($debugVisitInfo['idvisitor']) : '';
$debugVisitInfo['config_id'] = isset($debugVisitInfo['config_id']) ? bin2hex($debugVisitInfo['config_id']) : '';
$debugVisitInfo['location_ip'] = IPUtils::binaryToStringIP($debugVisitInfo['location_ip']);
Common::printDebug($debugVisitInfo);
}
private function setNewVisitorInformation()
{
$idVisitor = $this->getVisitorIdcookie();
$visitorIp = $this->getVisitorIp();
$configId = $this->request->getMetadata('CoreHome', 'visitorId');
$this->visitProperties->clearProperties();
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('idvisitor', $idVisitor);
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('config_id', $configId);
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('location_ip', $visitorIp);
}
/**
* Gather fields=>values that needs to be updated for the existing visit in log_visit
*
* @param $visitIsConverted
* @return array
*/
private function getExistingVisitFieldsToUpdate($visitIsConverted)
{
$valuesToUpdate = array();
$valuesToUpdate = $this->setIdVisitorForExistingVisit($valuesToUpdate);
$dimensions = $this->getAllVisitDimensions();
$valuesToUpdate = $this->triggerHookOnDimensions($dimensions, 'onExistingVisit', $valuesToUpdate);
if ($visitIsConverted) {
$valuesToUpdate = $this->triggerHookOnDimensions($dimensions, 'onConvertedVisit', $valuesToUpdate);
}
// Custom Variables overwrite previous values on each page view
return $valuesToUpdate;
}
/**
* @param VisitDimension[] $dimensions
* @param string $hook
* @param Visitor $visitor
* @param Action|null $action
* @param array|null $valuesToUpdate If null, $this->visitorInfo will be updated
*
* @return array|null The updated $valuesToUpdate or null if no $valuesToUpdate given
*/
private function triggerHookOnDimensions($dimensions, $hook, $valuesToUpdate = null)
{
$visitor = $this->makeVisitorFacade();
/** @var Action $action */
$action = $this->request->getMetadata('Actions', 'action');
foreach ($dimensions as $dimension) {
$value = $dimension->{$hook}($this->request, $visitor, $action);
if ($value !== false) {
$fieldName = $dimension->getColumnName();
$visitor->setVisitorColumn($fieldName, $value);
if (is_float($value)) {
$value = Common::forceDotAsSeparatorForDecimalPoint($value);
}
if ($valuesToUpdate !== null) {
$valuesToUpdate[$fieldName] = $value;
} else {
$this->visitProperties->setProperty($fieldName, $value);
}
}
}
return $valuesToUpdate;
}
private function triggerPredicateHookOnDimensions($dimensions, $hook)
{
$visitor = $this->makeVisitorFacade();
/** @var Action $action */
$action = $this->request->getMetadata('Actions', 'action');
foreach ($dimensions as $dimension) {
if ($dimension->{$hook}($this->request, $visitor, $action)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
protected function getAllVisitDimensions()
{
if (is_null(self::$dimensions)) {
self::$dimensions = VisitDimension::getAllDimensions();
$dimensionNames = array();
foreach (self::$dimensions as $dimension) {
$dimensionNames[] = $dimension->getColumnName();
}
Common::printDebug("Following dimensions have been collected from plugins: " . implode(", ", $dimensionNames));
}
return self::$dimensions;
}
private function getVisitStandardLength()
{
return Config::getInstance()->Tracker['visit_standard_length'];
}
/**
* @param $visitor
* @param $valuesToUpdate
* @return mixed
*/
private function setIdVisitorForExistingVisit($valuesToUpdate)
{
if (strlen($this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor')) == Tracker::LENGTH_BINARY_ID) {
$valuesToUpdate['idvisitor'] = $this->visitProperties->getProperty('idvisitor');
}
$visitorId = $this->request->getVisitorId();
if ($visitorId && strlen($visitorId) === Tracker::LENGTH_BINARY_ID) {
// Might update the idvisitor when it was forced or overwritten for this visit
$valuesToUpdate['idvisitor'] = $this->request->getVisitorId();
}
if (\Piwik\Tracker\TrackerConfig::getConfigValue('enable_userid_overwrites_visitorid', $this->request->getIdSiteIfExists())) {
// User ID takes precedence and overwrites idvisitor value
$userId = $this->request->getForcedUserId();
if ($userId) {
$userIdHash = $this->request->getUserIdHashed($userId);
$binIdVisitor = Common::hex2bin($userIdHash);
$this->visitProperties->setProperty('idvisitor', $binIdVisitor);
$valuesToUpdate['idvisitor'] = $binIdVisitor;
}
}
return $valuesToUpdate;
}
protected function insertNewVisit($visit)
{
return $this->getModel()->createVisit($visit);
}
private function markArchivedReportsAsInvalidIfArchiveAlreadyFinished()
{
$idSite = (int) $this->request->getIdSite();
$time = $this->request->getCurrentTimestamp();
$timezone = $this->getTimezoneForSite($idSite);
if (!isset($timezone)) {
return;
}
$date = Date::factory((int) $time, $timezone);
// $date->isToday() is buggy when server and website timezones don't match - so we'll do our own checking
$startOfToday = Date::factoryInTimezone('yesterday', $timezone)->addDay(1);
$isLaterThanYesterday = $date->getTimestamp() >= $startOfToday->getTimestamp();
if ($isLaterThanYesterday) {
return;
// don't try to invalidate archives for today or later
}
$this->invalidator->rememberToInvalidateArchivedReportsLater($idSite, $date);
}
private function getTimezoneForSite($idSite)
{
try {
$site = \Piwik\Tracker\Cache::getCacheWebsiteAttributes($idSite);
} catch (UnexpectedWebsiteFoundException $e) {
return null;
}
if (!empty($site['timezone'])) {
return $site['timezone'];
}
}
private function makeVisitorFacade()
{
return \Piwik\Tracker\Visitor::makeFromVisitProperties($this->visitProperties, $this->request, $this->previousVisitProperties);
}
}